Gum Disease

When harmful bacteria in plaque is not removed from the teeth it accumulates, particularly along the gumline. The bacteria in plaque acts as an irritant causing gingivitis. Gingivitis is an inflammation of the gum tissue. The gum tissues become red, swollen and bleed easily. Usually, gingivitis does not cause severe pain. If not treated, gingivitis will progress to periodontal disease (pyorrhea).

Periodontal disease affects the gums and destroys the tooth's supporting structures. Plaque calcifies within 24 hours into a substance known as calculus (tartar). Calculus forms on the crown of the tooth and extends below the gumlime. This calculus may cause the gums to recede, pull away from the teeth and form pockets. At this point, bone destruction occurs and teeth may become mobile or loose. Bone destruction cannot be reversed. However, treatment in a dental office may stop the progression of the disease.

Periodontal disease is the major cause of tooth loss in people older than 35 years of age.

Activities

1. Have students look into their mouth to notice the appearance of gingiva. Reddish gums indicate gingivitis and pink reflects healthy gums.
2. Have students discuss their past visits to the dentist and how plaque and calculus were removed.
3. Have students differentiate between plaque and calculus.

Color The Pictures Activity

Print this page without borders.