CARBON DIOXIDE (CO2)

What is carbon dioxide?

Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a colorless, tasteless, odorless, noncombustible gas that is soluble in water. Because CO2 is one and one half times as heavy as air it tends to 'pool' in low areas such as basements and underground areas not subject to air movement. As it 'pools,' it displaces the air that includes oxygen. CO2 does not support combustion; pilot lights on gas appliances will go out. 

How is it used?

Carbon dioxide is found in nature. We exhale CO2 with every breath. Green plants convert carbon dioxide back to oxygen and other components. It is commonly used to carbonate beverages and in the manufacturing of 'dry' ice and fire extinguishers. 

Why is it dangerous?

Because carbon dioxide displaces oxygen, it is a health risk since we need oxygen to live. CO2 is an asphyxiant. It can cause headaches, drowsiness and loss of ability to maintain concentration. 

How much is safe in the home?

The Federal Standard for carbon dioxide limits of exposure in air is 5,000 ppm (parts per million). This exposure limit is for a healthy adult. Consideration should be given for children, people over 65, and people with specific health conditions. A guideline set forth by the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) for schools, offices, and areas where people spend extended periods of time indoors is 1000 ppm. As a comparison, it is not unusual that outdoor air has a concentration of carbon dioxide in the range of 300 to 400ppm. Metropolitan areas usually have higher outdoor air concentrations of carbon dioxide than rural areas. 

How can I tell if carbon dioxide levels are too high in my home?

If pilot lights go out on gas appliances, follow the manufacturer's instructions for re-lighting. If the pilot light will not stay lit it may be because CO2 levels are too high. If this is suspected, open windows to aerate the area and leave immediately. Call the Fire Department or Gas Company for assistance, from another location. 

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CARBON MONOXIDE (CO)

What is carbon monoxide?

Carbon monoxide (CO) is a non-irritating, colorless, tasteless, odorless gas only partially soluble in water. It is a flammable gas that is somewhat lighter than air. 

Carbon monoxide is a waste product of incomplete combustion of coal, wood, charcoal, natural gas, fuel oil, kerosene, gasoline, fabrics and plastics. It is the leading cause of poisoning deaths in the United States. 

Why is carbon monoxide dangerous?

Carbon monoxide interferes with the blood's ability to carry oxygen. It combines with the hemoglobin of blood 250 times better than oxygen does, thus denying body tissues a sufficient supply of oxygen. 

What are the symptoms of carbon monoxide poisoning?

At low levels, CO exposure causes no obvious symptoms, although people exposed to low CO levels may experience decreased exercise tolerance and shortness of breath during exertion. The first and most obvious symptom is usually a headache with throbbing temples. Symptoms of acute CO poisoning are headaches, dizziness, sleepiness, nausea, vomiting, and collapse. CO poisoning can lead to coma and death. 

When does CO reach dangerous levels in the home?

The Federal Standard for exposure limits in the home is 50 ppm (parts per million). The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) standard for ambient air is 9 ppm averaged over an eight-hour period and 35 ppm for one hour. These limits are for healthy adult people. Consideration should be given for exposure of children, people over 65, and people with specific health conditions. 

How can I prevent CO poisoning in the home?

It is important that gas appliances are checked periodically for proper operation and venting. Also, make sure flues, chimneys and vents are clear of debris and in good working order. Do not use unvented space heaters or gas stoves and do not use charcoal grills inside the home. Since low concentrations of carbon monoxide pose a significant health risk, it is suggested that a CO detector be installed. If the alarm sounds, it usually means that the concentration of carbon monoxide is unsafe. Leave the area immediately and call emergency personnel. 

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